看来关于GG和GP的章节，除了不同的地方，我们就不大片翻译了

Generic Practices by Goals

GG 2 Institutionalize a Managed Process 制度化一个管理流程

GP 2.1 Establish an organizational policy 建立一个组织化的方针

Establish and maintain an organizational policy for planning and performing the Test Environment process. Elaboration The test environment policy typically specifies:  Test environment requirements specification shall be done early in the lifecycle  Higher levels tests will be carried out in a test environment that is representative of ‘real-life’  Management and control of test environments is performed according to documented procedures  Lower test levels, e.g., unit and integration testing, shall apply stubs and drivers for testing  Privacy and security rules regarding the use of real-life data to create test data

GP 2.2 Plan the process 计划流程

Establish and maintain the plan for performing the Test Environment process. Elaboration Typically, the plan for performing the Test Environment process is included in the test plan, which is described in the Test Planning process area. In a project where the test environment is more complex, and therefore requires more resources, a specific test environment plan may be established. The plan typically describes the implementation process of the test environment requirements in detail.

GP 2.3 Provide resources 提供资源

Provide adequate resources for performing the Test Environment process, developing the work products, and providing the services of the process. Elaboration  Experienced individuals, who have expertise and technical knowledge, are available to support the test environment requirements specification  Adequate time and resources are provided to implement, manage and control the test environment  Adequate time and resources are provided to create, manage and control the test data  Adequate time and resources are provided to engineers to develop stubs and drivers needed for low level testing

GP 2.4 Assign responsibilities 分配责任

Assign responsibility and authority for performing the Test Environment process, developing the work products, and providing the services of the process. Elaboration Examples of test environment responsibilities to be assigned include the following:  Specification of the test environment requirements  Implementation of the test environment  Configuration management of the test environment  Test environment maintenance and upgrades  Solving technical problems related to the test environment  Ensuring that tests are reproducible with respect to the test environment  Supporting and consulting on test environment-related procedures and technical issues  Ensuring the availability of the test environment  Supporting projects in defining an approach for test data  Creation of generic test data  Managing and protecting test data

GP 2.5 Train people 培训员工

Train the people performing or supporting the Test Environment process as needed.

GP 2.6 Manage configurations 管理配置

Place selected work products of the Test Environment process under appropriate levels of configuration control. Elaboration Examples of work products placed under configuration management include:  Test environment requirements specification  Test environment plans  Test environments  Test data  Configuration scripts  Installation scripts Note that configuration management for test environments and test data is key to any testing and is a requirement for test reproducibility.

GP 2.7 Identify and involve relevant stakeholders 明确相关责任人

Identify and involve relevant stakeholders of the Test Environment process as planned. Elaboration Examples of activities for stakeholder involvement include:  Reviewing test environment requirements specification  Providing resources and/or input for the implementation of the test environment, e.g., subcontractors that develop test environment components

GP 2.8 Monitor and control the process 监控流程

Monitor and control the Test Environment process against the plan for performing the process and take appropriate actions. Elaboration This is sometimes forgotten, but it is of course important to monitor progress of the development of stubs and drivers needed for unit and integration testing so that these progress in a timely manner according to the schedule.

GP 2.9 Objectively evaluate adherence 客观评价一致性

Objectively evaluate adherence of the Test Environment process and selected work products against the process description, standards, and procedures, and address any non-compliances. Elaboration Examples of review and/or audit evaluation adherence topics include:  A test environment requirements specification is written early in the project  The test environment is, as much as possible, ‘real-life’, especially for higher test levels  The availability of the test environment is at an adequate level  The management and control of the test environment is effective and efficient  The test data is adequate for ‘real-life’ testing

GP 2.10 Review status with higher level management 重审状态

Review the activities, status and results of the Test Environment process with higher level management and resolve issues.

GG 3 Institutionalize a Defined Process 制度化已定义流程

Only applicable at TMMi level 3.

GP 3.1 Establish a defined process 建立一个已定义流程

Establish and maintain a description of a defined Test Environment process.

GP 3.2 Collect improvement information 搜集提升信息

Collect process-related experiences derived from planning and performing the Test Environment process to support the future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets. Elaboration Examples of measures include the following:  Number of conflicting test environment reservations  Effort needed for maintenance, repair and updates  Number of test case failures due to the test environment  Average down-time of the test environment  Number of test environment incidents reported  Percentage of test environments available on time and according to specification  Number of defects found in production that were not found during testing because of inadequate test environment or generic test data