request模块:
更多文档:http://cn.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/
安装
pip install requests
使用
import requests response=requests.get("https://movie.douban.com/cinema/nowplaying/beijing/")
参数
print(response.content) # 字节数据 print(response.text) # 字符数据 print(type(response)) # <class 'requests.models.Response'> print(response.status_code) # 200 print(response.encoding) # utf-8 print(response.cookies) # <RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie bid=YwWqpRG7Z_E for .douban.com/>]>
GET请求:
如果想请求JSON文件,可以利用 json() 方法解析
response=requests.get("https://github.com/timeline.json") print(response.text) print(response.json().get("message"))
原始响应内容
如果想获取来自服务器的原始套接字响应,可以取得 r.raw 。 不过需要在初始请求中设置 stream=True 。
>>> r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json', stream=True) >>> r.raw <requests.packages.urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x101194810> >>> r.raw.read(10) '\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03'
但一般情况下,你应该以下面的模式将文本流保存到文件:
with open(filename, 'wb') as fd: for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size): fd.write(chunk)
定制请求头
headers={"Content-Type":"application/json"} data={"username":"yuan"} response=requests.get("https://movie.douban.com/cinema/nowplaying/beijing/",params=data,headers=headers) print(response.url) print(response.headers)
POST请求:
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'} response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload) print(response.text)
你还可以为 data
参数传入一个元组列表。在表单中多个元素使用同一 个 key 的时候,这种方式尤其有效:
import requests payload = (('key1', 'value1'), ('key1', 'value2')) # payload = {"k":"v"} r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=payload) print(r.text)
使用 json
参数直接传递
方式一:
import requests import json url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint' payload = {'some': 'data'} r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))
方式二
import requests url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint' payload = {'some': 'data'} r = requests.post(url, json=payload)
requests 上传文件
import requests url = 'http://httpbin.org/post' files = {'file': open('test', 'rb')} r = requests.post(url, files=files) print(r.text)