在前面一篇文章中介绍了Dashboard 2.0.0-rc3的使用,但是证书的创建和设定使用缺省方式,在这篇文章中将进一步进行说明如何从外部创建和指定证书。
Dashboard的部署方式
详细的说明可参看下文:
证书请求文件
准备如下CSR文件:
[root@host131 k8s]# cat dashboard-csr.json
{
"CN": "kubernetes-dashboard",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "DaLian",
"ST": "LiaoNing",
"O": "K8S",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
[root@host131 k8s]#
生成证书和私钥
使用Kubernetes集群构建时使用的CA和配置设定,使用如下命令生成dashboard的证书和私钥。
执行命令:cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/ssl/ca/ca.pem -ca-key=/etc/ssl/ca/ca-key.pem -config=/etc/ssl/ca/ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes dashboard-csr.json | cfssljson -bare dashboard
执行日志示例如下所示:
[root@host131 k8s]# cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/ssl/ca/ca.pem -ca-key=/etc/ssl/ca/ca-key.pem -config=/etc/ssl/ca/ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes dashboard-csr.json | cfssljson -bare dashboard
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [INFO] generate received request
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [INFO] received CSR
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [INFO] encoded CSR
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 178344385453299136705501206545903961019768969733
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
[root@host131 k8s]# ls dashboard*
dashboard.csr dashboard-csr.json dashboard-key.pem dashboard.pem
[root@host131 k8s]#
YAML文件设定
将官方建议的YAML文件中去除如下两项设定:
- namespace的创建
- 名为kubernetes-dashboard-certs的secret的创建
然后添加args中如下内容
args:
- --tls-cert-file=dashboard.pem
- --tls-key-file=dashboard-key.pem
如下的设定可以删除,也可以直接跟在之后,作为找不到文件的处理方式,但本文为了明确使用地是挂在进来的证书,此处直接将下述设定删除
--auto-generate-certificates
还可以使用另外的做法,就是直接将证书的内容(base64编码)直接保存在kubernetes-dashboard-certs的data段内,详细可参看下文方式:
- https://blog.csdn.net/liumiaocn/article/details/103356320
这种方式证书内容以硬编码的方式手动保存,和设定内容混在了一起,这里不再赘述。
启动Dashboard服务
使用如下步骤即可启动Dashboard服务
步骤1: 创建kubernetes-dashboard命令空间
执行命令:kubectl create ns kubernetes-dashboard
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl create ns kubernetes-dashboard
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get ns |grep dashboard
kubernetes-dashboard Active 8s
[root@host131 dashboard]#
步骤2: 创建secrets
在kubernetes-dashboard命令空间中创建secrets,注意指定创建包含创建出来的证书和私钥,可使用如下命令进行创建:
执行命令: kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=/etc/ssl/k8s -n kubernetes-dashboard
执行日志如下所示
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=/etc/ssl/k8s -n kubernetes-dashboard
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
[root@host131 dashboard]#
使用kubectl describe命令可以确认到此secret中包含所需要使用的证书和私钥文件,执行日志如下所示
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get secret -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
default-token-kx9k4 kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3m1s
kubernetes-dashboard-certs Opaque 34 16s
[root@host131 dashboard]#
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl describe secret kubernetes-dashboard-certs -n kubernetes-dashboard
Name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
Namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
Type: Opaque
Data
====
cert-k8s.csr: 1253 bytes
cert-k8scm.csr: 1062 bytes
dashboard.csr: 1013 bytes
k8s-cm-csr.json: 346 bytes
admin-csr.json: 287 bytes
cert-aggregator.csr: 1001 bytes
kube-scheduler.kubeconfig: 6349 bytes
dashboard.pem: 1407 bytes
kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig: 6401 bytes
kubeadmin-key.pem: 1679 bytes
cert-k8sch-key.pem: 1675 bytes
cert-k8sch.csr: 1050 bytes
cert-k8sch.pem: 1424 bytes
cert-k8scm.pem: 1436 bytes
dashboard-key.pem: 1679 bytes
kubelet-client-2020-01-31-20-00-18.pem: 1228 bytes
cert-aggregator.pem: 1391 bytes
cert-k8s.pem: 1619 bytes
cert-kubeproxy-key.pem: 1675 bytes
k8s-csr.json: 535 bytes
k8s-sch-csr.json: 337 bytes
bootstrap.kubeconfig: 2169 bytes
cert-k8scm-key.pem: 1675 bytes
cert-aggregator-key.pem: 1679 bytes
cert-k8s-key.pem: 1679 bytes
cert-kubeproxy.pem: 1403 bytes
kubelet-server-2020-01-31-20-00-56.pem: 1252 bytes
kubeadmin.csr: 1009 bytes
kubeproxy-csr.json: 230 bytes
aggregator-csr.json: 281 bytes
cert-kubeproxy.csr: 1009 bytes
dashboard-csr.json: 291 bytes
kube-proxy.kubeconfig: 6271 bytes
kubeadmin.pem: 1399 bytes
[root@host131 dashboard]#
步骤3: 启动Dashboard服务
[root@host131 dashboard]# ls
dashboard.yml
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl create -f .
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
[root@host131 dashboard]#
结果确认
确认服务和pod等状态
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get pods -A |grep dashboard
kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-metrics-scraper-7b8b58dc8b-np442 1/1 Running 0 35s
kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard-6b479fc8fc-cmpg4 1/1 Running 0 35s
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get service -A |grep dashboard
kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.254.56.169 <none> 8000/TCP 43s
kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.254.91.222 <none> 443:33307/TCP 43s
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get deployment -A |grep dashboard
kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-metrics-scraper 1/1 1 1 52s
kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard 1/1 1 1 52s
[root@host131 dashboard]#
获取token信息
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get secret -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
default-token-kx9k4 kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 7m26s
kubernetes-dashboard-certs Opaque 34 4m41s
kubernetes-dashboard-csrf Opaque 1 94s
kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder Opaque 2 94s
kubernetes-dashboard-token-flzjd kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 94s
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl describe secret kubernetes-dashboard-token-flzjd -n kubernetes-dashboard
Name: kubernetes-dashboard-token-flzjd
Namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
Labels: <none>
Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: kubernetes-dashboard
kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 8fbee1fa-399a-4d91-b27d-dd55d119b869
Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
Data
====
ca.crt: 1359 bytes
namespace: 20 bytes
token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ikt5aFRwRXR6M1hMLU5GTjg0M0R1LTNfNTZLOVNhVUxZd1BSZW9HNGJrMVEifQ.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.M0HUoA7Xbe5HR-LgpHtqdUQIgP8LlzfqtMm-lZ8JJaVByHJDd8M7eiICNCS08cFtUkWVb8vF53nzf_MTQufiKxS4qNFwjwoP2wbi_IGx6RwO9VWCSev2EmIiuBceTqHxXZsqRLO-fK8GuGiorW6RQb202k6gZCUTCpAR8QC_vvY8UPU1Y2CzCKaD5XUDvaZ-KFDPcQlxTH89k6BlT06Ik0NNbejSw66k_vPoiDFnbGQEvtRGdqZ2XCzOF8ASUbKcalQL-9dM-vAr1KLuR4sn32hseFPDPSPCXiSFSietS2N6X_Fz3Al6iIFTsCZXfTdG3R0dbO-SKJQ6vNLO4XST5w
[root@host131 dashboard]#
选择token方式登录,输入上述token信息
点击Sigin in即可登录进入Dashboard界面中了
这样就使用了外部的证书进行了Dashboard服务的启动。
参照YAML文件
[root@host131 dashboard]# cat dashboard.yml
# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 33307
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
csrf: ""
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
# Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
# Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
verbs: ["get", "update"]
# Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services/proxy"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
# Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
containers:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-rc3
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 8443
protocol: TCP
args:
- --tls-cert-file=dashboard.pem
- --tls-key-file=dashboard-key.pem
- --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
# Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
# If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
# to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
# - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
volumeMounts:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
mountPath: /certs
# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTPS
path: /
port: 8443
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 2001
volumes:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
secret:
secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 8000
targetPort: 8000
selector:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
spec:
containers:
- name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.3
ports:
- containerPort: 8000
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTP
path: /
port: 8000
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 2001
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
volumes:
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
[root@host131 dashboard]#
参考内容
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/docs/user/certificate-management.md#self-signed-certificate
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/docs/user/installation.md#recommended-setup